Alçak yükleyicili mini ekskavatör + aksesuar paketi

Berger Kraus BK1250KJSR mit Kubota Motor

Durumu: yeni gibi (sergi parçası), Fonksiyonellik: tamamen fonksiyonel, güç: 10,2 kW (13,87 bg), yakıt türü: dizel, renk: sarı, işletme ağırlığı: 1.200 kg, kaldırma yüksekliği: 2.610 mm, sürüş durumu: 100 yüzde, zincir durumu: 100 yüzde, koltuk sayısı: 1, kova hacmi: 0,026 m³, kazıcı kepçe genişliği: 380 mm, Üretim yılı: 2025, çalışma saatleri: 2 h, Donanım: ayarlanabilir şasi, baş koruyucu, ek farlar, gripper hidrolik sistemi, her tahrikli, hidrolik, hidrolik çekiç, kabin, kauçuk paletler, standart kepçe, We offer you reliable and robustly designed mini excavators featuring numerous extras and a modern appearance. Included in the offer: Mini excavator and standard bucket! Our machines are sold as demonstration units. Due to loading and unloading for transport and brief test operations, the equipment may show up to a maximum of 5 operating hours. With every excavator you purchase from us, you receive a CE certificate, an invoice with separately listed VAT, and an operating/repair manual in German. Furthermore, we offer financing options for businesses, spare parts procurement, and comprehensive customer service! Private customers are, of course, also welcome to purchase. The top-mounted boom cylinder minimizes damage and increases the maximum digging depth to 1.75 m! Technical specifications of the excavator: - Model: BK1250KJSR with cab, swing arm, adjustable undercarriage, and seat-mounted joysticks - Brand: Berger Kraus - Operating weight: 1200 kg - Bucket capacity (pre-installed bucket): 0.026 m³ - Bucket width (pre-installed bucket): 380 mm Bodpfow R Emcex Ah Hjww - Engine: KUBOTA EURO 5 (D722 / E711) 3-cylinder, liquid-cooled (diesel) - Rated output: 10.2 kW / 2500 rpm - Displacement: 719 cc - Main pump: TIANJIN - Hydraulic system pressure: 16 MPa - Slew motor: EATON (USA) - Travel motor: ZHENJIANG with overflow function - Travel speed: 1.2 km/h Working ranges: - Digging reach at ground level: approx. 3,030 mm - Maximum digging reach: approx. 2,940 mm - Maximum digging depth: approx. 1,750 mm - Maximum dumping height: approx. 2,610 mm - Maximum discharge height: approx. 1,740 mm - Maximum vertical digging depth: approx. 1,655 mm - Minimum turning radius: approx. 1,490 mm - Maximum bucket lifting height: approx. 345 mm - Maximum bucket digging depth: approx. 240 mm - Swing radius: 360° Dimensions: - Wheelbase: 920 mm - Total track length: 1,230 mm - Undercarriage width: 896–1,100 mm (adjustable) - Undercarriage ground clearance: 132 mm - Track width: 180 mm - Turning radius: 784 mm Accessory package: - 380 mm bucket - Pre-installed mechanical thumb - Toolbox In addition to the accessory packages, we offer a wide range of additional attachments, all of which can be found on our website. You are welcome to contact us by phone or email, and we will provide you with a personalized offer. As a licensed Berger Kraus and Martz dealer, we are your reliable contact for spare parts, additional attachments, and any questions or suggestions regarding your new machine. All information provided without guarantee. Errors and changes reserved.

Durumu: yeni gibi (sergi parçası), Fonksiyonellik: tamamen fonksiyonel, güç: 10,2 kW (13,87 bg), yakıt türü: dizel, renk: sarı, işletme ağırlığı: 1.200 kg, kaldırma yüksekliği: 2.610 mm, sürüş durumu: 100 yüzde, zincir durumu: 100 yüzde, koltuk sayısı: 1, kova hacmi: 0,026 m³, kazıcı kepçe genişliği: 380 mm, Üretim yılı: 2025, çalışma saatleri: 2 h, Donanım: ayarlanabilir şasi, baş koruyucu, ek farlar, gripper hidrolik sistemi, her tahrikli, hidrolik, hidrolik çekiç, kabin, kauçuk paletler, standart kepçe, With us, you will receive reliable and robustly engineered mini-excavators featuring numerous extras and an attractive design. Offer includes: Mini-excavator and bucket package! Our machines are sold as demonstration units, which may have up to 5 operating hours due to loading and unloading for transport to our facility and short test drives. With every excavator you purchase from us, you will receive a CE certificate, an invoice with VAT shown separately, and a user/repair manual in German. Additionally, we offer financing options for businesses, spare part procurement, and excellent service! Naturally, we also sell to private individuals! The boom cylinder mounted on top reduces damage and increases the maximum digging depth to 1.75 m! Bsdpow R El Sefx Ah Hsww Excavator technical specifications: - Model: BK1250KJSR with cab, swing arm, variable undercarriage, and joystick controls on seat - Brand: Berger Kraus - Operating weight: 1200 kg - Bucket capacity (pre-installed): 0.026 m³ - Bucket width (pre-installed): 380 mm - Engine: KUBOTA EURO 5 (D722 / E711) 3-cylinder water-cooled diesel - Rated power: 10.2 kW / 2500 rpm - Displacement: 719 cc - Main pump: TIANJIN - Hydraulic system pressure: 16 MPa - Slew motor: EATON (USA) - Travel motor: ZHENJIANG with overflow function - Travel speed: 1.2 km/h Working range: - Digging reach at ground level: approx. 3030 mm - Max. digging reach: approx. 2940 mm - Max. digging depth: approx. 1750 mm - Max. dumping height: approx. 2610 mm - Max. discharge height: approx. 1740 mm - Max. vertical digging depth: approx. 1655 mm - Minimum turning radius: approx. 1490 mm - Max. bucket lifting height: approx. 345 mm - Max. bucket digging depth: approx. 240 mm - Slew radius: 360° Dimensions: - Wheelbase: 920 mm - Overall track length: 1230 mm - Undercarriage width: 896–1100 mm adjustable undercarriage - Ground clearance (undercarriage): 132 mm - Track width: 180 mm - Turning radius: 784 mm Accessory package: - 800 mm bucket - 200 mm bucket - 380 mm bucket - Hydraulic thumb (pre-installed) - Toolbox In addition to the accessory packages, we offer a wide range of attachments, all of which are listed on our website. You are welcome to contact us by phone or email for a customized quotation. As a licensed Berger Kraus and Martz partner, we are your point of contact should you require spare parts, additional attachments, or have any questions regarding your new machine. All information subject to change without notice. Errors and amendments excepted.

Durumu: yeni gibi (sergi parçası), Fonksiyonellik: tamamen fonksiyonel, güç: 10,2 kW (13,87 bg), yakıt türü: dizel, renk: sarı, işletme ağırlığı: 1.200 kg, kaldırma yüksekliği: 2.610 mm, sürüş durumu: 100 yüzde, zincir durumu: 100 yüzde, koltuk sayısı: 1, kova hacmi: 0,026 m³, kazıcı kepçe genişliği: 380 mm, Üretim yılı: 2025, çalışma saatleri: 2 h, Donanım: ayarlanabilir şasi, baş koruyucu, ek farlar, gripper hidrolik sistemi, her tahrikli, hidrolik, hidrolik çekiç, kabin, kauçuk paletler, standart kepçe, We offer you reliable and robustly engineered mini excavators with numerous extras and a stylish design. Offer includes: Mini excavator and a small accessory package! Our machines are sold as demonstration vehicles, as loading and unloading for transport, as well as brief test drives, may result in the machines having up to a maximum of 5 operating hours. For every excavator you purchase from us, you will receive a CE certificate, an invoice showing VAT, and an operating/repair manual in German. We also offer financing options for commercial customers, spare parts procurement, and excellent service! Of course, we also sell to private individuals! The boom cylinder mounted on top reduces damage and increases the maximum digging depth to 1.75 m! Technical specifications of the excavator: - Model: BK1250KJSR with cabin, swing arm, adjustable undercarriage, and joysticks on the seat - Brand: Berger Kraus - Operating weight: 1200 kg - Bucket capacity (pre-installed): 0.026 m³ - Bucket width (pre-installed): 380 mm - Engine: KUBOTA EURO 5 (D722 / E711) 3-cylinder, liquid-cooled (diesel) - Rated power: 10.2 kW / 2500 rpm - Displacement: 719 cc - Main pump: TIANJIN - Hydraulic system pressure: 16 MPa - Slew motor: EATON (USA) - Travel motor: ZHENJIANG with overflow function - Travel speed: 1.2 km/h Working ranges: - Max. digging reach at ground level: approx. 3,030 mm - Max. excavation reach: approx. 2,940 mm - Max. digging depth: approx. 1,750 mm - Max. dumping height: approx. 2,610 mm - Max. discharge height: approx. 1,740 mm - Max. vertical digging depth: approx. 1,655 mm - Minimum turning radius: approx. 1,490 mm - Max. bucket lifting height: approx. 345 mm - Max. bucket digging depth: approx. 240 mm - Slew radius: 360° Dimensions: - Wheelbase: 920 mm - Total track length: 1,230 mm - Undercarriage width: 896–1,100 mm (adjustable) - Ground clearance (undercarriage): 132 mm - Track width: 180 mm - Turning radius: 784 mm Accessory package: - Quick coupler (Quick-Hitch) - 800 mm bucket - 200 mm bucket - 380 mm bucket - Grapple for wood, curbstones, manure, and more Bedpfsw R Ek Iex Ah Heww - Ripper tooth - Rake - Earth auger (20 cm diameter) - Tool box In addition to the accessory packages, we offer a wide selection of attachments, all of which you can find on our website. Feel free to contact us by phone or email, and we will create a customized offer tailored to your needs. As an authorized Berger Kraus and Martz partner, we are your point of contact for spare parts, additional attachments, or any questions and feedback regarding your new machine. All information is provided without guarantee. Errors and changes excepted.

Durumu: yeni gibi (sergi parçası), Fonksiyonellik: tamamen fonksiyonel, güç: 10,2 kW (13,87 bg), yakıt türü: dizel, renk: sarı, işletme ağırlığı: 1.200 kg, kaldırma yüksekliği: 2.610 mm, sürüş durumu: 100 yüzde, zincir durumu: 100 yüzde, koltuk sayısı: 1, kova hacmi: 0,026 m³, kazıcı kepçe genişliği: 380 mm, Üretim yılı: 2025, çalışma saatleri: 2 h, Donanım: ayarlanabilir şasi, baş koruyucu, ek farlar, gripper hidrolik sistemi, her tahrikli, hidrolik, hidrolik çekiç, kabin, kauçuk paletler, standart kepçe, We offer you reliable and robustly engineered mini excavators featuring numerous extras and a stylish design. Included in the offer: Mini excavator and a comprehensive accessory package! Our machines are sold as demonstration units, as loading and unloading for transport and short test drives may result in up to a maximum of 5 operating hours. With every excavator you purchase from us, you will receive a CE certificate, an invoice with VAT shown separately, and an operation/repair manual in German. Additionally, we offer financing options for business customers, spare parts procurement, and excellent service! Of course, we also sell to private individuals! The top-mounted boom cylinder reduces damages and increases the maximum digging depth to 1.75 m! Excavator Technical Data: - Model: BK1250KJSR with cab, swing arm, adjustable undercarriage, and joysticks mounted on the seat - Manufacturer: Berger Kraus - Operating weight: 1,200 kg - Capacity of pre-installed bucket: 0.026 m³ - Width of pre-installed bucket: 380 mm - Engine: KUBOTA EURO 5 (D722 / E711) 3-cylinder water-cooled (diesel) - Rated output: 10.2 kW / 2,500 rpm - Displacement: 719 ccm - Main pump: TIANJIN - Hydraulic system pressure: 16 MPa - Slew motor: EATON (USA) - Travel motor: ZHENJIANG with overflow function - Travel speed: 1.2 km/h Working Ranges: - Digging reach at ground level: approx. 3,030 mm - Max. digging reach: approx. 2,940 mm - Max. digging depth: approx. 1,750 mm - Max. dumping height: approx. 2,610 mm - Max. discharge height: approx. 1,740 mm - Max. vertical digging depth: approx. 1,655 mm - Minimum turning radius: approx. 1,490 mm - Max. bucket lift height: approx. 345 mm - Max. bucket digging depth: approx. 240 mm - Slewing radius: 360° Dimensions: - Wheelbase: 920 mm - Total track length: 1,230 mm - Undercarriage width: 896–1,100 mm (adjustable undercarriage) - Ground clearance of undercarriage: 132 mm - Track width: 180 mm - Turning radius: 784 mm Accessory Package: - Quick coupler (Quick-Hitch) - Hydraulic ditch cleaning bucket, width 800 mm - Hydraulic breaker - Bucket 200 mm - Bucket 380 mm - Log, curb stone, and manure grab, among others - Ripper tooth - Rake - Earth auger, 20 cm diameter - Toolbox In addition to the accessory packages, we offer an even broader range of attachments, all of which can be found on our website. Feel free to contact us by phone or email, and we’ll provide you with a tailored quotation. As a licensed Berger Kraus and Martz partner, we are your point of contact should you require spare parts or additional attachments, or if you have any questions and suggestions relating to your new machine. All information provided without guarantee; errors and changes reserved. Bjdpsw R Ekzsfx Ah Howw

Durumu: yeni gibi (sergi parçası), Fonksiyonellik: tamamen fonksiyonel, güç: 10,2 kW (13,87 bg), yakıt türü: dizel, renk: sarı, işletme ağırlığı: 1.200 kg, kaldırma yüksekliği: 2.610 mm, sürüş durumu: 100 yüzde, zincir durumu: 100 yüzde, koltuk sayısı: 1, kova hacmi: 0,026 m³, kazıcı kepçe genişliği: 380 mm, Üretim yılı: 2025, çalışma saatleri: 2 h, Donanım: ayarlanabilir şasi, baş koruyucu, ek farlar, gripper hidrolik sistemi, her tahrikli, hidrolik, hidrolik çekiç, kabin, kauçuk paletler, standart kepçe, We offer you reliable and solidly engineered mini excavators featuring many extras and a stylish design. Offer includes: mini excavator, single-axle low-loader/trailer and a compact accessory package! Our machines are sold as demonstration units, as they may accumulate up to a maximum of 5 operating hours due to loading/unloading for transport and short test drives. Bodpfew R Eiqox Ah Hjww With every excavator purchased from us, you will receive a CE certificate, an invoice with itemized VAT, and an operating/repair manual in German. Furthermore, we of course offer financing for commercial customers, spare parts procurement, and excellent service! Sales to private individuals are also welcome! The boom’s top-mounted cylinder reduces damage and increases the maximum digging depth to 1.75 m. Excavator Technical Data: - Model: BK1250KJSR with cab, swing arm, variable undercarriage, and seat-mounted joysticks - Brand: Berger Kraus - Operating weight: 1,200 kg - Bucket capacity (pre-installed): 0.026 m³ - Bucket width (pre-installed): 380 mm - Engine: KUBOTA EURO 5 (D722 / E711), 3-cylinder, liquid-cooled (diesel) - Rated power: 10.2 kW / 2,500 rpm - Displacement: 719 cc - Main pump: TIANJIN - Hydraulic system pressure: 16 MPa - Swing motor: EATON (USA) - Drive motor: ZHENJIANG with overflow function - Travel speed: 1.2 km/h Working Ranges: - Ground-level digging reach: approx. 3,030 mm - Max. digging reach: approx. 2,940 mm - Max. digging depth: approx. 1,750 mm - Max. dump height: approx. 2,610 mm - Max. unloading height: approx. 1,740 mm - Max. vertical digging depth: approx. 1,655 mm - Minimum turning radius: approx. 1,490 mm - Max. bucket lift height: approx. 345 mm - Max. bucket digging depth: approx. 240 mm - Slewing radius: 360° Dimensions: - Wheelbase: 920 mm - Total track length: 1,230 mm - Undercarriage width: 896–1,100 mm (adjustable) - Undercarriage ground clearance: 132 mm - Track width: 180 mm - Turning radius: 784 mm Trailer Technical Data: - Loading area dimensions (L x W): 2,600 x 1,503 mm - Permissible total weight: 1,800 kg - Unladen weight: approx. 478 kg - Payload: approx. 1,322 kg - Coupling head from Knott - Axles including brake system from Knott - LED marker lights - LED outline lights - Hot-dip galvanized loading ramp with support bracket - Anti-slip plywood floor including tie-down rings - Axle load: 1,800 kg - Support load: 100 kg - Tires: 195/50R13C 104N - Wheel chocks - Support wheel with folding function - Bucket rest Accessory Package: - Quick hitch - 800 mm bucket - 200 mm bucket - 380 mm bucket - Grab for wood, curbs, manure, and more - Ripper tooth - Rake - Earth auger (20 cm diameter) - Toolbox In addition to the accessory packages, we also offer a wider range of attachments—find all available options on our website. Feel free to contact us by phone or email for a tailored quote. As a licensed Berger Kraus and Martz partner, we are your contact for spare parts, additional attachments, or any questions and suggestions regarding your new machine. All information supplied without guarantee. Subject to errors and changes.

Durumu: yeni gibi (sergi parçası), Fonksiyonellik: tamamen fonksiyonel, güç: 10,2 kW (13,87 bg), yakıt türü: dizel, renk: sarı, işletme ağırlığı: 1.200 kg, kaldırma yüksekliği: 2.610 mm, sürüş durumu: 100 yüzde, zincir durumu: 100 yüzde, koltuk sayısı: 1, kova hacmi: 0,026 m³, kazıcı kepçe genişliği: 380 mm, Üretim yılı: 2025, çalışma saatleri: 2 h, Donanım: ayarlanabilir şasi, baş koruyucu, ek farlar, gripper hidrolik sistemi, her tahrikli, hidrolik, hidrolik çekiç, kabin, kauçuk paletler, standart kepçe, With us, you receive reliable and solidly engineered mini excavators with numerous extras and a stylish design. Offer includes: mini excavator, single-axle low-bed trailer, and a comprehensive accessory package! Our machines are sold as demonstration vehicles, as they may have up to a maximum of 5 operating hours due to loading and unloading for transport, as well as short test drives. For every excavator you purchase from us, you receive a CE certificate, an invoice with itemized VAT, and an operation/repair manual in German. Furthermore, we offer financing for commercial customers, spare parts procurement, and excellent service! Sales, of course, also to private customers! The top-mounted boom cylinder minimizes damage and increases the maximum digging depth to 1.75 m! Excavator Technical Specifications: - Model: BK1250KJSR with cabin, swing arm, adjustable undercarriage, and seat-mounted joysticks - Brand: Berger Kraus - Operating weight: 1200 kg - Bucket capacity (pre-installed bucket): 0.026 m³ - Bucket width (pre-installed bucket): 380 mm - Engine: KUBOTA EURO 5 (D722 / E711) 3-cylinder liquid-cooled (diesel) - Rated power: 10.2 kW / 2500 rpm - Displacement: 719 cc - Main pump: TIANJIN - Hydraulic system pressure: 16 MPa - Rotary motor: EATON (USA) - Travel motor: ZHENJIANG with overflow function - Travel speed: 1.2 km/h Operating ranges: - Digging reach at ground level: approx. 3030 mm - Max. digging reach: approx. 2940 mm - Max. digging depth: approx. 1750 mm - Max. dumping height: approx. 2610 mm - Max. discharge height: approx. 1740 mm - Max. vertical digging depth: approx. 1655 mm - Minimum turning radius: approx. 1490 mm - Max. bucket lifting height: approx. 345 mm - Max. bucket digging depth: approx. 240 mm - Slewing radius: 360° Dimensions: - Wheelbase: 920 mm - Total track length: 1230 mm - Undercarriage width: 896–1100 mm (adjustable) - Ground clearance (undercarriage): 132 mm - Track width: 180 mm - Turning radius: 784 mm Trailer Technical Specifications: - Loading area dimensions (L x W): 2600 x 1503 mm - Gross vehicle weight rating: 1800 kg Bodpfx Aow R Eh Tjh Hsww - Unladen weight: approx. 478 kg - Payload: approx. 1322 kg - Overrun brake system by Knott - Axles including braking system by Knott - LED marker lights - LED outline lights - Hot-dip galvanized loading ramp with support bracket - Phenolic plywood floor, incl. lashing eyes for securing loads - Axle load: 1800 kg - Support load: 100 kg - Tires: 195/50R13C 104N - Wheel chocks - Folding jockey wheel - Bucket rest Accessory Package: - Quick coupler (quick-hitch) - Hydraulic ditch grading bucket, width 800 mm - Hydraulic breaker - 200 mm bucket - 380 mm bucket - Grab for timber, kerbstones, manure, etc. - Ripper tooth - Rake - Earth auger, 20 cm diameter - Toolbox In addition to the accessory packages, we offer a wide range of additional attachments—all available on our website. Feel free to contact us by phone or email, and we will provide you with a tailored quote. As a licensed partner of Berger Kraus and Martz, we are your contact for spare parts, additional accessories, and any questions or suggestions regarding your new machine. All information is provided without guarantee. Errors and changes reserved.

Durumu: yeni gibi (sergi parçası), Fonksiyonellik: tamamen fonksiyonel, güç: 10,2 kW (13,87 bg), yakıt türü: dizel, renk: sarı, işletme ağırlığı: 1.200 kg, kaldırma yüksekliği: 2.610 mm, sürüş durumu: 100 yüzde, zincir durumu: 100 yüzde, koltuk sayısı: 1, kova hacmi: 0,026 m³, kazıcı kepçe genişliği: 380 mm, Üretim yılı: 2025, çalışma saatleri: 2 h, Donanım: ayarlanabilir şasi, baş koruyucu, ek farlar, gripper hidrolik sistemi, her tahrikli, hidrolik, hidrolik çekiç, kabin, kauçuk paletler, standart kepçe, We offer reliable and robustly engineered mini excavators with numerous extras and stylish design. The offer includes: Mini excavator, 2-axle low loader/trailer, and a small accessory package! Our machines are sold as demonstration units, as up to a maximum of 5 operating hours may accumulate due to loading and unloading for transport to us and minor test drives. For every excavator you purchase from us, you receive a CE certificate, an invoice with separately shown VAT, and an operating/repair manual in German. Furthermore, we naturally offer financing for commercial customers, spare parts sourcing, and excellent service! Sales, of course, also to private individuals! The top-mounted boom cylinder reduces damage and increases the maximum digging depth to 1.75 m! Technical specifications of the excavator: - Model: BK1250KJSR with cab, swing arm, variable undercarriage, and seat-mounted joysticks - Brand: Berger Kraus - Operating weight: 1200kg - Bucket capacity of pre-installed bucket: 0.026 cbm - Bucket width of pre-installed bucket: 380mm - Engine: KUBOTA EURO 5 (D722 / E711) 3-cylinder liquid-cooled (diesel) - Rated power: 10.2 kW / 2500 rpm - Displacement: 719ccm - Main pump: TIANJIN - Hydraulic system pressure: 16MPa - Swing motor: EATON (USA) - Travel motor: ZHENJIANG with overflow function - Travel speed: 1.2 km/h Working ranges: - Digging reach at ground: approx. 3030mm - Max. digging range: approx. 2940mm - Max. digging depth: approx. 1750mm - Max. dumping height: approx. 2610mm - Max. discharge height: approx. 1740mm - Max. vertical digging depth: approx. 1655mm - Minimum turning radius: approx. 1490mm - Max. bucket lifting height: approx. 345mm - Max. bucket digging depth: approx. 240mm - Swing radius: 360° Dimensions: - Wheelbase: 920mm - Overall track length: 1230mm - Undercarriage width: 896-1100mm variable undercarriage - Ground clearance (undercarriage): 132mm - Track width: 180mm Bwedpfxow Rqy Us Ah Hjw - Turning radius: 784mm Trailer technical data: - Loading area dimensions: 2600x1530mm - Permissible total weight: 2700kg - Unladen weight: approx. 534kg - Payload: approx. 2166kg - Overrun brake system by KNOTT - Axles including brake system by KNOTT - LED marker lights - LED outline lights - Tail lights - Fire-galvanized loading ramp with support bracket - Bucket rest - Mesh floor incl. lashing eyes for fastening - Axle load per axle 1/2: 1350/1350kg - Automatic support wheel - Support load 120kg - V-Deisel Accessory package: - Quick coupler (Quick-Hitch) - 800mm bucket - 200mm bucket - 380mm bucket - Grab for wood, curbstones, manure, and more - Ripper tooth - Rake - Earth auger 20cm diameter - Toolbox In addition to the accessory packages, we also offer a further selection of attachments, all of which can be found on our website. Feel free to contact us by phone or email, and we will provide a customized offer just for you. As a licensed Berger Kraus and Martz partner, we are your point of contact if you need spare parts or further attachments, or if you have any questions or suggestions regarding your new piece of equipment. All information provided without guarantee, subject to errors and changes.